About Can I Give My Dog Imodium

Can I Give My Dog Imodium Resource

Can I Give My Dog Imodium Resource in Answers

Can you give a dog imodium? If they have diaherra, is it safe to give a dog a low dose of imodium?

Cinderella replied: "No! Do not give your dog any people meds. You could hurt (liver or kidney damage) or KILL your dog. Please call your vet about the proper medicine to give your dog. Call a vet any time you have a question like this, they will help you from making an awful mistake."

worknlakeside replied: "No! what ever is in the system that is making them sick should be allowed to move on thru the system. Provide plenty of water and offer some rice and boiled hamburger yes I said boiled this will remove most of the oils. If it doesn't change then call the vet."

wolfinator25840 replied: "I gave my cat Children's Imodium last year for chronic diarrhea the the vet couldn't cure. 3 doses of the Children's Imodium worked. I took the lowest dosage for age/weight and kept dividing until I got to my cat's weight. If your dog is over 95 pounds give the adult dosage, but only one tablet/caplet per 12 hours, 48-95 pounds use liquid and give 1 1/2 teaspoons every 12 hours, under 47 pound divide 1 1/2 tps by half and down from there keep dividing. I believe my 16 pound cat got about 3/4 -1CC. My vet never tried this on any other animal before, now he recommends it first before using costly medications. I had spent over $150 on medications for my cat before he let me try this. And it worked."

MOON replied: "Never used Imodium--But my vet told me to give pups and new foals with diaherra Pepto Bismol--always works great!!And stops the runs!"

lizfsunole replied: "I have never used imodium. You can use pepto-bismol. I've taken my dog into the vet for diarrhea and they recommended it. Hopefully this will save you and others a trip to the vet. Baby asprin is good for joints or any pain relief."

Cathy F replied: "My vet said we could give our 75 pound lab 1 tablespoon of imodium."

cavalierkcs replied: "This is one of those tough questions to answer. The type of dog would be one question, the size and the breed. I have given my dog Imodium on the vets advice before as well as pepto bismol. I would contact your vet for specifics before you try this treatment. I would definitely look into the reason your dog is having runny stools. If it is food change then you might want to revert back to previous foods (assuming you weren't using a recalled food) and switch them over by adding small amounts of the new food daily for about a week. If it is a chronic problem, you should take a stool sample to the vet for closer examination by microscope and determine if your dog has other issues that need to be addressed. Generally, when my dog has the unknown runny dog poop problem, I will put them on a rice and cooked chicken diet for a few days until it clears up."

chetco replied: "When my dog had diarrhea last week, the vet recommened Imodium. Mine are large dogs, and I gave one tiny gel cap. accodring to this Dog Owner's Guide> Occasional bouts of upset may be cured by waiting or by use of an over-the-counter medicine such as Imodium or Pepto Bismol, but cases that last more than a day or two or that escalate in severity should be seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Persistent vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration and other complications, and delay in treatment can impede a return to good health or hinder treatment of a serious condition."

bear2zealand replied: "It is very interesting that people are telling you no! Vets use immodium on dogs. Ask your vet about it, you might want to bring the dog into the vet to get a stool sample checked as well. If the problem is from like a G.I infection, the immodium will not work but for a few days. He might need to be on an antibiotic like Flagyl or even might need to be wormed. Have your vet check the dog out."

neici replied: "yes u can and it is just as safe as for us humans but if ur not trusting to just any old answer (like i would be) here is one u can bank on at ur local pet store they actually have medicine for dos with the runs, it's called pet pectillin diarrhea medication, we were told about it when the immodium didn't work for our lab, who had constant runs when we brought him home from the shelter, could be a series of other things, so pleez if it don't work see a vet, could be food, worms or something under lying hope it helps"

I Severely Dislike Idiots replied: "NO NO NO NO NO! DO NOT give your dog any human medication. It could kill them."

OK to give my dog imodium? Had diarrhea, now just non-productive spasms (tries - no material, not even liquid). He is an older dog in advanced stages of congestive heart failure on several meds (lasix, vetmedin, enlaparil). He weight about 10 pounds. If OK to give imodium, approx dose?

kckli replied: "No. Do not give human meds to dogs. Talk to the vet and they will give you dog-appropriate anti-diarrhea meds. Dogs do not process things like humans do. What's safe for us is not always safe for them. Often human meds can cause liver and/or kidney failure."

yolaba replied: "Treat him like a baby, same dosage as a newborn or so."

tommysgirl replied: "yes, children's just a small dose though."

KoAussie replied: "I would not give him anything until you consult with the vet. Immodium can have toxic effects in some dog breeds who carry the MDR-1 gene mutation and may interact negatively with medications your pet is already taking. Another concern is that you don't know the cause of the diarrhea and may aggravate the problem by giving something that slows down motility if the dog has salmonella poisoning, for example."

damalina replied: "The straining your dog is doing sounds like a colon problem, and immodium actually won't help for that. You would be better off giving pepto bismol. but don't medicate your dog without consulting a vet, especially such a small dog. is there a vet hospital thats open late that you can call to ask? or bring him to an ER if he's really uncomfortable."

greenjellybean replied: "I think it would be best to call and ask a vet."

Cindy replied: "Sounds like things are shutting down on the old guy. Call your vet he can tell you what to do and the dosage to give him. I know you can give kaopeptate or peptobysmol but I don't know the dosage,"

Can I give my dog imodium?? My dog has had diarrhea since last night, he vomited twice. I just took him out and he strained but only a few drops came out. There is no blood in the stool or vomit. stool is a bright yellow-green color, vomit was bright yellow, it was chunky though, not bile. He is still very playful, after straining to go the the bathroom he ran and grabbed his tennis ball and started jumping around playing and hitting it with his paw and chasing it. He is acting no different other than the tummy upset. It smells foul but no worse than normal poo. He hasn't vomited since for nearly 12 hours but the diarhea is still there, can I give him an immodium (i only have the pills)?? He is a 86 Lb Cane Corso/Amstaff mix he is about a year and a half and up to date on shots. I have other dogs and none of them have stomach upsets.

anabaci replied: "i've giving pepto bismol liquid with some boiled rice and dried out cottage cheese...this did the trick. You can also add boiled chicken. If diarrhea and vomiting persist more than 2 days, go see the vet, blood or no blood. Stop feeding regular food and table food asap."

Brenda replied: "give kaeopectate"

Cavalier KCS mom replied: "I've given my Boxer Imodium and it has worked. Just a couple years ago i learned you can give a dog raw pumpkin and it will firm up the stool because of the high fiber and vitamin "A" in the pumpkin. Have given pumpkin to all my dogs whenever they get diarrhea and it always goes away within a day. Vitamin "A" helps build up the immune system as well. I feed them a heaping tablespoon of the "Libby's" raw pumpkin in the can used for pie filling whenever they get an episode and it always works."

carolathome2099 replied: "You shouldn't give any animal people medicine - especially pills. They are created based on an average person's weight and internal system, which animals do not share with us. The idea about Pepto should be ok - it's mild. Give a portion based on his weight compared to a 100 lb human. (Ex: if he weighs 20 lbs, give him 1/5 of a normal dose or less.)"

what dosage of Imodium Or pepto bismol for my dog? my dog has diarrhea. what dosage of Imodium or pepto bismol can I give her?

bells3011 replied: "whatever your vet recommends."

Brandyl replied: "ASK A VET BUT MY VET TOLD ME TO GIVE MY 3&1/2 LB DOG A 1/4 TEASPOON PEPTO"

Bill L replied: "Call your vet first. bl"

Zoe replied: "how big is the dog?? Usual Dose and Administration Follow your veterinarian's recommendations. In general, Pepto-Bismol regular strength liquid: Dogs: 0.5-1 ml/pound every 6-8 hours by mouth. Regular strength tablets (often the form preferred by dogs): 1/4 tablet/20 pounds every 6-8 hours by mouth. Treatment should only be needed for 1-2 days. If diarrhea persists or worsens, contact your veterinarian. Corrective Mixture: 0.11 ml/pound once, then 0.05 ml/pound every 6 hours. Treatment should only be needed for 1-2 days. If diarrhea persists or worsens, contact your veterinarian."

MaryKate replied: "boil some plain white rice, let it cool, and feed it to her... works everytime... ugh people on here are impossible. maybe his dog ate something bad/ he switched food/ had an icecream cone and its giving her the shits... dogs do that occasionaly. If he was really worried he would take her to the vet..."

Tomb Raider replied: "Instead of giving your dog Pepto Bismol,I would give her some cooked rice in her food,it's usually what they recommend when they have diarrhea and make sure she has plenty of fresh water too so she doesn't get dehydrated.I've given my dogs the rice and it really helps them out."

Maureen M replied: "Call your vet. We cannot give you a safe dosage of over the counter meds that are made for humans. It depends on the size of the dog and the reason for it having diarrhea."

Katies0728 replied: "UUmmm instead of giving your dog pepto you should call the vet, make an appointment, find the cause of the diarrhea, then ASK THE VET what to treat the dog with. If your pup has intestinal parasites, a bland diet is not going to help as you need to seek a vet to deworm your pet. There are many causes of diarrhea, and in order to treat you need to know that cause. Atleast CALL your vet, thats free!"

nonshowing breeders breed crap replied: "The dosage that is reccommended by your vet. There are many causes of diarreah and the dog should be examined.. giving OTC meds for people may not solve the problem."

YouHave2BeKidding replied: "ATTENTION!!! If your dog is from a herding breed or is a herding breed mix giving it Imodium COULD BE FATAL!! Imodium® – Warning for Collies And Other Herding Breeds DO NOT GIVE COLLIES IMODIUM® !! It’s the brain barrier block, similar to giving them Ivermectin products (Heartgard 30). It is well known that Collies and related breeds can have adverse reactions to drugs such as ivermectin, loperamide (Imodium®), and others. It was previously unknown why some individual dogs were sensitive and others were not. Advances in molecular biology at the Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory at Washington State University's College of Veterinary Medicine have led to the discovery of the cause of multi-drug sensitivity in affected dogs. Here is the link about Imodium - this is very important info…"

How much Imodium do you give a 100 lb lab? I've done a little research and it seems that Imodium is okay for dogs with diarrhea. The rice and everything just doesn't cut it in this case, so we were searching for solutions. Anyhoo, how much? We have the little pills/tablets.

Wolf Femme -- re-add!! replied: "How much did your vet tell you to give?"

❤PomMom❤ Ƹ̵̡Ӝ̵̨̄Ʒ Spay & Neuter replied: "You really should get advice from your vet. Give them a call to get the correct dosage."

Reece Braveheart Aussies replied: "I have used one pill for a 50# dog. Too many and you'll get a constipated dog."

Herbie replied: "The formulations of these meds have changed from those used in the past. It is no longer safe or okay to give a dog medicine intended for humans. Even pepto has changed. It would be best to call a vet in the area and ask. 888-426-4435 877-639-5679 these are #'s for pet help lines that i plucked offa my fridge. I suggest you write them down for future reference and use them."

Weimaraner Mom replied: "Immodium does not work on dogs trust me I've tried it, your best bet and the safest bet is Pumpkin, 100% pure canned pumpkin will work immediately and he'll be right as rain by the next day. Give him a couple of large spoonfuls, dogs love it and it'll be easier to give than trying to shove immodium down his throat. Pumpkin will only work if the dogs diarrhea is food related, if he has an underlying illness that is causing the diarrhea then pumpkin will not work."

Bonnie L replied: "However much your VET recommends."

what can i give my dog she has diarrhea and bloody stool? i believe she ate some hamburger meat and got into my Imodium ad medicine? please help

amygdala replied: "A trip to the vet to start."

DaLady replied: "A vet appt."

amy replied: "Don't give her any food just water for a day if it does not clear up she needs to see a vet."

Julie G (Miss P. Culiar) replied: "Blood in the stool is never a good thing, so get her to the vet ASAP. I don't know what the hamburger has to do with any of this (one hamburger will not do a dog any harm) but the Imodium might have something to do with it. Make sure you mention what she ate to the vet and if possible, bring the bottle/packet along too."

Bonzie12 replied: "If there is blood in the stool she needs to be seen by a vet as soon as possible."

Bryan M replied: "bloody stool and diarrhea is one of the first signs of parvo....get her to the vet"

luciferkitty29 replied: "PEPTO BISMOL How much blood is in the stool because I think that these people are overreacting... it may just look like blood. Maybe it is blood from straining. If it is a lot then it would be best to get that looked at but for right now there is no harm in this: This advice is from Dr.'s Foster and Smith! Generic Name Bismuth Subsalicylate Brand Name Bismukote, Corrective Suspension, Pepto-Bismol Type of Drug Antidiarrheal Form and Storage Oral suspension, paste, chewable tablet, and caplet Protect from light. Store at room temperature. Indications for Use Treatment of diarrhea, vomiting, and indigestion in dogs. General Information Some formulations are FDA approved for use in dogs and cats. Available by prescription and over the counter. Use with extreme caution, and only under veterinary supervision in cats as it contains aspirin which may be fatal to cats. Used to treat vomiting and diarrhea caused by dietary indiscretion as it soothes the stomach and intestinal lining. If the vomiting and/or diarrhea persists for more than 48 hours; the pet has a fever, is depressed or shows abdominal pain; or the pet does not continue to be active and alert, contact your veterinarian. Further treatment may be needed. It comes in different strength formulations; follow dosage recommendations below. Some evidence shows that Pepto-Bismol may work better than generic brands and that dogs may take the chewable tablets better than the oral suspension form. Usual Dose and Administration Follow your veterinarian's recommendations. In general, Pepto-Bismol regular strength liquid: Dogs: 0.5-1 ml/pound every 6-8 hours by mouth. Regular strength tablets (often the form preferred by dogs): 1/4 tablet/20 pounds every 6-8 hours by mouth. Treatment should only be needed for 1-2 days. If diarrhea persists or worsens, contact your veterinarian. Corrective Mixture: 0.11 ml/pound once, then 0.05 ml/pound every 6 hours. Treatment should only be needed for 1-2 days. If diarrhea persists or worsens, contact your veterinarian. Salicylates can be fatal to cats. Bismuth subsalicylate should NOT be given to cats except under direct supervision by your veterinarian. Side Effects Tongue color may darken temporarily. Stool may turn a gray-black or greenish color during treatment. In humans, it has caused constipation. Contraindications/Warnings Not for use in patients hypersensitive (allergic) to it or to aspirin products. Use with caution in animals with bleeding problems like von Willebrand's disease. Do not use in cats as it contains aspirin. Not for use in pregnant or nursing animals. Stool may turn a gray-black or greenish color during treatment. Do not confuse with melena (blood in the stool). May interfere with reading of abdominal x-rays. May cause inaccurate results of urine tests. Shake well before use. Drug or Food Interactions May decrease absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. Do not use with aspirin since both contain salicylate. Do not give with milk. Overdose/Toxicity No information available. Potential to see changes in the blood, fever, bleeding, liver or kidney damage, or seizures."

WolfGirl replied: "bloody stool can be a sign of internal bleeding, so i would suggest you take her to the vet asap"

Tika's Mommy replied: "You need to take her to vet hospital ASAP! Now! Go! You shouldn't even be on here asking!! You also shouldn't give your dog human food and NEVER ever allow your dog access to any medicine. Only provide medicines prescribed by a licensed vet in the dosage recommended."

Kristin s replied: "GO TO THE VET NOW! A dog should never have bloody stool don't self medicate And FYI to whoever said it Bloody stool will not clear up"

Curly_q replied: "Ring the vet and tell them that you are coming in."

zgzig replied: "She could have Parvo, or coccidiosis. Parvo is nasty and hard to cure if at all. Coccidiosis is from outside water puddles etc., with bird poop in it. Same symptoms, different illnesses. Get to the vet. Coccidiosis is a parasite that affects the bowels. Worming medicine can help, but you have to know what you are doing as you must give basic overdoses. So don't do it, go to the vet. She needs help fast."

Andre Bargetti replied: "Talk to your vet, I wouldn't trust anyone whos not a vet with your dogs illness"

Mz replied: "Imodium Ad is good for Diarrhea u need to rehydrate ur pup before she gets dehydrated - get some Pedilyte feed her w/ rice in her food ( they love it) but u have to add water or it will stick to her mouth and be difficult to eat ..... add chicken ( sliced and cut up) she will love it too as for the blood - u need to determine if it is blood in her stool or loose blood on her stool blood in her stool can mean several serious problems ( and of course u need to go 2 the vet) but if it is just on it - it could be straining or an Internal Hemrroid which there are several Home cures u can use"

My dog has diarrhea-what to do?-need immediately help please? can I give it imodium? It had 3 times watery stool in the last 12 hours. what should I do? feels ok, some gas but no so much, does not looks like suffer abdominal pain. can I give the pepto bismol for human, to the dog? Or is it specifically to dogs?

Susan B replied: "I give my dogs pepto bismal. Bland diet of boiled chicken (no bones) and white rice."

Coopers Mom replied: "pepto and chicken and rice"

DeeDawg replied: "feed the dog only boiled chicken and brown rice. if the loose stool continues tomorrow, take the dog to the vet. it may have a parasite or GI infection which will require medication. (both are inexpensive, and easy to cure.)"

Amanda W replied: "Call the vet and ask for a dose for immodium. You can give them that, but if you give them too much it can be dangerous."

senthil k replied: "offer him rehydration solution like electrol. metronidazole orally ( either as tab or suspension)"

Kate replied: "give him lots of water quick"

ginger replied: "one word - veterinarian"

so confused replied: "Dont worry. dogs get this all the time. dont feed him on his next feed, and ensure he has fresh water available at all times. should be gone within about 4 days, if not see a vet, hope this helps :)"

Stephanie Y replied: "try a mild diet of chicken, rice, and a little chicken broth. If the poor baby is dehydrated you can give it some pedialite (little kids rehydrating drink). You can try the pepto, but it doesn't always work for dogs. They do make special anti diarrhea medicine for dogs that you can get at the pet store without a Rx from the vet. It should cost around 15. If this does not get better in a couple of days or if it gets really bad call the vet. Also, try to find the cause if you think there might be one. Changing food, treats, location, or adding extra stress to your dogs life can cause diarrhea. I hope your dog is feeling better soon! Good Luck!"

Sheri replied: "Take your dog to the vet. Never give your dog any medications ever without having been told by your veterinarian to do so. All dogs are not the same and yours could be the one who has an allergic reaction to it. The vet can give you a pill that can help get the diarrhea under control and will probably have you put him on a bland diet of 25% boiled chicken, turkey or hamburger mixed with 75% rice. Call your vet see what they say, I am sure they are going to want to exam him. Again do not give your dogs any medication unless directed by your veterinarian."

Malorie20 replied: "Take him to the vet!"

kikismom replied: "First fast him for the next 24 hours. Then you can start feeding him boiled chicken and water. Here is the dosing for immodium and for pepto: KAOPECTATE/IMODIUM (loperamide): Can be given to some dogs and cats for diarrhea. WARNING: Certain dog breads related to Collies may have adverse reactions to Imodium (loperamide/ivermectin). Do not give this medicine to Collies, Shelties, Australian Shephards and Long-haired Whippits. For those animals for which this medicine is appropriate give 1 teaspoon for every 20 pounds. This dosage can be repeated every 4-6 hours for 24 hours, or until symptoms begin to resolve. PEPTO-BISMOL: Can be administered to dogs (never cats!) with upset stomach or vomiting. Give one teaspoon per 20 pounds of weight every 4-6 hours for 24 hours, or until symptoms begin to resolve."

Win replied: "This could be a sign of serious infection or other gastrointestinal problems. When one of my dogs had diarrhea, he was diagnosed with parvovirus, and it was a very painful time for us , but he recovered well, and is sitting right beside me now. Good luck with your doggie!! I hope he gets well soon. Giving human medicines can be dangerous for dogs, so always consult a vet before giving any dose of any human medicine. Remember to give your dog water at regular intervals and check for any parasites or blood in the stools. Also, giving him a bland diet would help. Check that the food is properly cooked. Try giving him loads of yogurt that is fortified with probiotics (check that it does not contain sugar!). Alternatively, you could buy some probiotic medications over the counter."

Help! I have a question about passing a virus from one dog to another.? I have a 2-year-old mini dachshund. My hubby & I are in the process of getting another one....we went to look at the new puppy Monday evening. The breeder we're buying him from has several puppies and adult male/female. Of course, we played with all of them for over an hour! Anyway, MY dog got sick yesterday morning...vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills. I called my vet last night and he at first thought she had a sinus infection from all the pollen we are having (it's very dry here). I gave her imodium and aspirin like he told me, but she still had diarrhea and vomiting. I took her to the vet, he gave her a penicillin shot and some anti-nausea pills. She is feeling better. The lady I'm buying the puppy from just called....guess what??? 2 of her puppies are doing the exact same thing as my dog. She just returned from the vet with them. My question is this.....could one of her dogs have been sick Monday and I somehow transported the virus on my clothing/body home to my dog? Her vet said it was a virus and pretty much gave the same treatment as my vet. My dog is up-to-date on all her shots (including Parvo). My dog is feeling a little more energetic, but my vet said if she is still vomiting/has diarrhea in the morning, bring her in and he will do bloodwork.

Bozema replied: "That seems like a very likely possibility. They suggest washing your hands and clothing when you've handled one dog and then handle another for this very reason. Often with unvaccinated puppies, breeders will ask you to wash your hands and remove your shoes before handling them as a precaution."

Susan M replied: "Viruses have a period between exposure and illness. You don't get sick right away. I would think there is something else going on where you are that is causing this. I have never heard of a dog getting a sinus infection, but I don't live where you live, probably. What did the breeder's vet tell her? I'd sure wait until the illnes has passed before getting a pup. good luck. Have fun with the dogs!"

bluemysti replied: "it is very possible that you brought home a virus after you went to meet the puppies. Parvo is a prime example. It is a hearty virus that can be brought into your home from your hands, shoes, clothes, etc. When the woman called you to let you know that 2 of the pups were ill and showing the same symptoms as your dog, did she tell you what the vet diagnosed her pups with? Parvo Symptoms include vomiting, foul smelling diarrhea, fever, and lethargy. Adult dogs can be carriers of Parvo without showing any clinical signs of having it. Get your dog to the vet for a checkup and diagnosis."

Gr8danelady replied: "Yes, that is exactly how a virus travels. Get your dog in to the vet right away."

DP replied: "Normally a dog isn't going to get sick so quickly from the contact... Usually like 7 - 10 days from time of exposure, but I guess it is possible. Disease / germs don't always follow the rules. You can most definately bring home a virus on your clothes, hands, shoes etc. We ask people to come to our house first when they are visiting breeders to minimize the risk of them bringing something from someone else's house. Making appointments first thing in the morning. Can't play with the puppies til they have had their first shot etc. But there are other things that are covered by vaccinations that can be easily spread."

lovelyangel replied: "It is extremely possible to be around another and it being sick and taken it home and giving it to your pets. Virus, sickness alot of them are very contagious. You can transport a virus from your clothes, your hands, etc... But more and likely if your dog is still vomiting and having diarrhea she could have a virus, keep doing what your vet tells you to do.."

My dog has diarrhea-what to do? can I give it imodium? It had 3 times watery stool in the last 12 hours. what should I do? feels ok, some gas but no so much, does not looks like suffer abdominal pain. It is 8 years old. can I give him the pepto bismol for human ? or is it specifically for dogs? what kind of the medicine,is the kids kind?

Pwincess..x replied: "Its fine. Its probably just be what he's eating. Maybe a new food or he's picked something up outside or you've gave him something. Dont worry about it x"

hoo_t_hoohoo replied: "I know it's ok to give your dog Pepto-Bismol. I always keep the chewable variety on hand just in case. If your dog continues to have watery stool after 24 hours, you'll want to take him or her to a vet. Also, skip a feeding. This helps regulate your dog's digestive process is actually good once in a while. If possible on the next meal, try cooking a small portion of rice and boil some chicken (without the bone, of course) and serve cool. This combination is wonderful for dogs to get them back on track. This should not be an every day thing, just once or twice when your four legged friend is having stomach issues. Good luck!"

Leonard A replied: "i got a dog that gets diarrhea if i give him cheese or anything that has spices to it. or feed him a new canned dog food that has a lotta gravy to it. so over the years i have learned that his digestive system is quite happy with bland food. I have to watch what i give him. make sure your dog gets fresh clean water daily , and wash the water dish at least once a week."

mindwarp replied: "leave him alone dogs can eat and get over almost any thing by their self's unless its bloody stools then have him checked out it could be parvous virus or a internal injury i had a puppy once that ate a whole box of rat poison i thought for sure he would die but he just had diarrhea for a few days then was fine give him lots of water to drink and don't feed him any thing new or change his diet quickly dogs will vomit up any thing that will hurt them or disagrees with their digestive tract"