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Compounds contain beta-lactam ring.? Some compound,(e.g.Clavulanic acid), having a beta-lactam ring in their structure, but why they can't give an antibiotics' effects when they present along as penicillin (or other beta-lactam antibiotics)?

Dr Dave P replied: "It is perhaps that is not the beta-lactam ring in iself is responsible for the drugs efficacy. It just happens to be is a particular molecular geometry that is suitable to be antagonitic to the microoganisms reproduction, or toxic to the microorganism in general."

tickdhero replied: "Clavulanic acid is similar in chemical structure to the beta-lactam ring and can act as a competitive inhibitor of the beta-lactamases secreted by certain bacteria which are used to confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Clavulanic acid itself has little antibiotic properties, so it is always paired with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (beta-lactam specifically). The antibiotic Zosyn(R) uses this combination (piperacillin and clavulanic acid). Sulbactam while similar in structure to clavulanic acid, is not a competitive inhibitor, but rather a "suicide" inhibitor that does not compete for the beta-lactamase. It is found in Unasyn(R) with ampicillin."

Which class of antibiotics has a specific ring structure within their molecules known as the beta-lactam ring? Tetracyclines Tricyclic antidepressants Penicillins Steroids

Glen L replied: "Penicillins"

Merlin's Feline replied: "These are the penicillins. Penicillin resistant bacteria produce penicillinases, enzymes that break the beta lactam structure and destroy the antibiotic activity. Augmentin is an amoxicillin- based antibiotic that contains clavulinic acid. This acid prevents the bacterium from producing penicillinases and thus makes it susceptible to the amoxicillin. This same strategy is now being used on penicillin based therapies for antibiotic resistant TB"

Why do the standard amino acids that occur in proteins not form intramolecular amide bonds? Beta-Amino acids can form an intramolecular amide bond, which results in the formation of the four-membered Beta-Lactam ring. This structure is the characteristic feature of Beta Lacta antibiotics, such as penicillin. Why do the standard amino acids that occur in proteins not form intramolecular amide bonds?

powerstone2_rox replied: "Well, being a beta lactam ring, it's very strained, requiring a lot of energy put in to make the reaction happen. In a more typical scenario, the ribosome structure simply doesn't allow the right conformation to make intramolecular amide bonds. Besides, stuff like penicillin isn't make enzymatically, but using very specific organic methods. However, that isn't to say that amino acids don't naturally undergo intramolecular condensations. Some organisms possess enzymes capable of making things like oxazole and thiazole rings (5 member), an intramolecular serine/threonine or cysteine condensation. These go on to form molecules that the organism probably excretes to kill other stuff. (telomestatin is an example off my head). as for amide bonding lysines/arginines, I'm sure there are examples of this, but I can't remember. Then again, even if they are to condense, if I'm counting properly, they shouldn't be forming 4 member rings..."

Penicillin's nucleus.? Could anyone help to describe penicillin's nucleus (structure)? for example: the beta-lactam ring, bond angle, planar......etc.

Dr Dave P replied: "It has a non-planar beta-lactam ring system: the structure is here:"

flooke replied: "Although its structure contains a beta-lactam ring, clavulanic does not have antibiotic effects. It is usually combined with another antibiotic (such as amoxicillin) to potentiate the effects of the other drug. This answers the problem of antibiotic resistance. If you give amoxicillin alone, the bacteria will eventually recognize the beta-lactam ring of the penicillin and will destroy it. If you give amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, the bacteria will destroy, instead, the beta-lactam ring of clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid sort of sacrifices itself for the sake of the amoxicillin. Therefore, amoxicillin is preserved and is able to exert its antibiotic activity longer."

Find More Websites

Beta-lactam antibiotic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Beta-lactam ring in red. ... lactam antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics that include penicillin ... activity, they contain the beta-lactam ring. ...

Drugs - Pencillin
... penicillin useless by hydrolysing the peptide bond in the beta-lactam ring of the nucleus. ... afflicted individuals, the beta-lactam ring binds to serum ...

Method of determining antibiotics in biological liquids ...
The presence of beta lactam ring-containing cephalosporins and penicillin is determined in biological liquids such as milk by contacting the test liquid with a beta ...

Health Links Content: The latest word on penicillin allergy
... cross-reactivity Penicillins and cephalosporins have similar beta-lactam ... between the penicillin and cephalosporin beta-lactam rings is therefore minimal, ...

Penicillin vs. Amoxicillin - what's the difference?
... all contain a special arrangement of atoms referred to as a beta lactam ring. ... between them are their side chains that come off the beta lactam rings. ...

The latest word on penicillin allergy - - Drug Topics
... cross-reactivity Penicillins and cephalosporins have similar beta-lactam ... between the penicillin and cephalosporin beta-lactam rings is therefore minimal, ...

Cephalosporins can be prescribed safely for penicillin ...
... and cephalosporins both possess a beta-lactam ring for antimicrobial activity. ... between the penicillin and cephalosporin beta-lactam rings is, therefore, very ...

BioScience Encyclopedia :: ?-lactam antibiotics
Beta-lactam ring in red. ... lactam antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics that include penicillin ... activity, they contain the beta-lactam ring. ...

beta lactam antibiotic
lactam. Narrower Terms: cephalosporin. Narrower Terms: penicillin. Scope ... containing beta lactam rings which are cleaved by the beta lactamases produced ...

BIOL 230 Lecture Guide - Beta-Lactam Ring
Fig. 2A: Beta-Lactam Rings of Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Imipenem, and Clavulanate ... the basic structure of penicillin, cephalosporin, imipenem, and clavulanate. ...